Osteoporosis is a widespread condition characterized by low bone mass or density. It is primarily a metabolic disorder related to age and general health with a variety of risk factors and causes. The most common and well known consequence of osteoporosis is weakened bones that can break from small forces that would usually be harmless. In osteoporosis, both the matrix of the bone (similar to scaffolding) and the density of the bone are affected. While bone seems like a static part of our body, it is continuously laid down and removed by our bodies. In osteoporosis, there is an imbalance between the growth and reduction in the bone so it becomes progressively weaker. As such, it is a progressive disorder that worsens with age. While the disease process might begin much earlier, symptoms are usually only noticed over the age of 50. What are the signs and symptoms?
Often called a silent disease, many people with osteoporosis will have no idea that they have it, as there are no visible symptoms. Sometimes the first sign that an individual has osteoporosis is when the first bone breaks. Unfortunately, these bones are also slower to heal than healthy bones which can lead to ongoing complications. Broken bones are not the only symptom of osteoporosis, as bones lose density and strength they can also become compressed and develop wedge fractures under the weight of the body. When the spine is affected by osteoporosis, people may develop a hunched or stooped posture, which can itself lead to respiratory issues and place pressure on the internal organs. Osteoporosis can severely impact a person's mobility and independence, which can have a distressing impact on their overall quality of life. What causes it? As a metabolic disorder, osteoporosis can be caused by any process that interferes with the body's ability to maintain bone density. This includes gastrointestinal conditions that prevent adequate absorption of calcium (which is required for bone growth); lack of dietary calcium or low levels of vitamin D, which are essential for the absorption of calcium. Some medications can contribute to bone loss as an unfortunate side effect, especially if they are taken for a long time or in high doses. An example is the long-term use of steroids which can be prescribed to reduce inflammation. Inactivity can also predispose a person to osteoporosis as bones respond to force and weight bearing by building more bone. Having a sedentary lifestyle or choosing activities with low levels of impact can mean that without the weight bearing stimulus to make bone, bones are less dense over time. Osteoporosis can occur in elite cyclists and swimmers, who are more likely to develop the condition if they don't include weight-bearing activities such as jogging in their training program. How can physiotherapy help? Physiotherapy can help you to improve your overall bone health, and avoid or recover from fractures. Physiotherapy exercises can direct you to safely increase your weight-bearing, which can help build bone mass. Balance training is also an important factor as this can reduce your risk of falls. Your physiotherapist can also help you to adjust your lifestyle, at home or at work, to protect your bones and improve your posture, all of which are helpful in the overall management of osteoporosis.
0 Comments
Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition affecting the joint capsule of the shoulder. It is characterized by inflammation of the capsule, leading to pain and stiffness with shoulder movements. Frozen shoulder is categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary frozen shoulder occurs for no clear reason, while secondary frozen shoulder develops following an injury or surgery around the shoulder.
Frozen shoulder usually follows a typical pattern and can be separated into three stages, freezing, frozen and thawing. The pain begins in the freezing stage as an ache or twinge with movements. The pain gradually increases, and the shoulder begins to lose range of movement. Usually, shoulder movements away from the body or involving rotation are the most painful and restricted. As the condition progresses, everyday activities can be significantly impacted, with activities such as dressing, grooming, reaching overhead and behind the back becoming difficult. Lifting heavy objects can be very painful, and the pain is often felt at night time, interrupting sleep. The three stages follow a typical pattern... Freezing – Pain is present at rest/night, increasing pain and stiffness with shoulder abduction and external rotation. Frozen- Pain starts to lessen, but the stiffness of the shoulder joint increases. Thawing – Pain reduces to lower levels and movement begins to return. Frozen shoulder will usually resolve on its own without any long-lasting stiffness. However, complete recovery does not always occur. Frozen shoulder most often affects people over the age of 40 and women are affected more often than men. While no definite cause has been identified, there are some factors that increase the risk of developing a frozen shoulder. These include diabetes, prolonged immobilization, trauma, stroke, thyroid dysfunction, heart disease and autoimmune disease. The early stages of frozen shoulder can mimic other shoulder conditions, and these should first be ruled out by a thorough examination. While frozen shoulder is a self-limiting condition, meaning it will resolve on its own without treatment, this can take up to 2-3 years. Physiotherapy during this time focuses on reducing pain as much as possible and helping patients to cope and adapt to their symptoms during the freezing and frozen stages. As the condition moves into the thawing stage, physiotherapy aims to help restore strength, movement and control to the shoulder. The entire process can be distressing, so support and education from your physiotherapist as you move through the stages of the condition is an essential part of treatment. If you have any concerns about shoulder pain that is not resolving, come and have a chat with one of our physiotherapists to see how we might be able to help you. |
Categories
All
|